Biography of Molly Pitcher, Heroine of the Battle of Monmouth

Molly Pitcher was a fictitious name given to a heroine, revered for taking her husbands place loading a cannon in the Battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778, during the American Revolution. The identification of Molly Pitcher, earlier known in popular images as Captain Molly, with Mary McCauly, didnt come until the centennial of the American Revolution.  Molly was, at the time of the Revolution, a common nickname for women named Mary. Much of Mary McCaulys story is told from oral histories or court and other legal documents correlating with some parts of the oral tradition. Scholars disagree on many of the details, including what her first husbands name was (the famous husband who collapsed and whom she replaced at the cannon) or even whether she is the Molly Pitcher of history. The Molly Pitcher of legend may be completely folklore or may be a composite. Molly Pitchers Early Life Mary Ludwigs birthdate is given on her cemetery marker as October 13, 1744.  Other sources suggest her birth year was as late as 1754. She grew up on her familys farm. Her father was a butcher. She is unlikely to have had any education and was likely illiterate.  Marys father died in January of 1769, and she went to Carlisle, Pennsylvania to be a  servant to the family of Anna and Dr. William Irvine.   Molly Pitchers Husband A Mary Ludwig married a John Hays on July 24, 1769. This may have been a first husband for the future Molly Pitcher, or it may have been a marriage of her mother, also named Mary Ludwig as a widow. In 1777, the younger Mary married William Hays, a barber, and an artilleryman. Dr. Irvine, for whom Mary was working, had organized a boycott of British goods in response to the British Tea Act in 1774. William Hayes was listed as one helping with the boycott. On December 1, 1775, William Hays enlisted in the First Pennsylvania Regiment of Artillery, in a unit commanded by Dr. Irvine (also called General Irwin in some sources). A year later, January 1777, he joined the 7th Pennsylvania Regiment and was part of the winter camp at Valley Forge. Molly Pitcher at War After her husbands enlistment, Mary Hays first stayed in Carlisle, then joined her parents where she was closer to her husbands regiment. Mary became a camp follower, one of the many women attached to a military camp to take care of support tasks such as laundry, cooking, sewing, and other tasks. Martha Washington was another of the women at Valley Forge. Later in the war, another woman was present as a soldier in the army. Deborah Sampson Gannett enlisted and served as a man under the name Robert Shurtliff. In 1778, William Hays trained as an artilleryman under Baron von Steuben. The camp followers were taught to serve as water girls. William Hays was with the 7th Pennsylvania Regiment when, as part of George Washingtons army, the Battle of Monmouth was fought with British troops on June 28, 1778. William (John) Hays job was to load the cannon, wielding a ramrod. According to the stories told later, Mary Hays was among the women bringing pitchers of water to the soldiers, to cool the soldiers as well as to cool the cannon and soak the rammer rag. On that hot day, carrying water, the story told is that Mary saw her husband collapse — whether from the heat or from being wounded is not clear, though he certainly was not killed — and stepped in to clean the ramrod and load the cannon herself, continuing until the end of the battle that day. In one variation of the story, she helped her husband fire the cannon. According to the oral tradition, Mary was nearly hit by a musket or cannonball that sped between her legs and ripped her dress. She is said to have responded, Well, that could have been worse. Supposedly George Washington had seen her action on the field, and after the British retreated unexpectedly rather than continuing the fight the next day, Washington made Mary Hays a non-commissioned officer in the army for her deed. Mary apparently began calling herself Sergeant Molly from that day forward. After the War Mary and her husband returned to Carlisle, Pennsylvania. They had a son, John L. Hayes, in 1780. Mary Hays continued to work as a domestic servant. In 1786, Mary Hays was widowed; later that year, she married John McCauley or John McCauly (various spellings of names was common in a society where many were not literate). This marriage was not successful; John, a stonecutter and a friend of William Hays, was apparently mean and did not adequately support his wife and stepson. Either she left him or he died, or he otherwise disappeared, about 1805. Mary Hays McCauly continued to work around town as a domestic servant, with a reputation for being hard-working, eccentric and coarse. She petitioned for a pension based on her Revolutionary War service, and on February 18, 1822, the Pennsylvania legislature authorized a payment of $40 and subsequent annual payments, also of $40 each, in An act for the relief of Molly MKolly. The first draft of the bill had the phrase widow of a soldier and this was revised to for services rendered. Specifics of those services are not noted in the bill. Mary Ludwig Hays McCauly — who called herself Sergeant Molly — died in 1832. Her grave was unmarked. Her obituaries do not mention military honors or her specific war contributions. The Evolution of Captain Molly and Molly Pitcher Popular images of Captain Molly at a cannon circulated in the popular press, but these were not tied to any specific individual for many years. The name evolved into Molly Pitcher. In 1856, when Marys son John L. Hays died, his obituary included the note that he was a son of the ever-to-be-remembered heroine, the celebrated Molly Pitcher whose deeds of daring are recorded in the annals of the Revolution and over whose remains a monument ought to be erected. Connecting Mary Hays McCauly With Molly Pitcher In 1876, the American Revolution centennial sparked interest in her story and local critics in Carlisle had a statue of Mary McCauley created, with Mary described as the Heroine of Monmouth. In 1916 Carlisle established a three-dimensional representation of Molly Pitcher loading a cannon. In 1928, on the 150th anniversary of the Battle of Monmouth, pressure on the Postal Service to create a stamp showing Molly Pitcher was only partially successful. Instead, a stamp was issued that was a regular red two cent stamp depicting George Washington, but with a black overprint of the text Molly Pitcher in capital letters. In 1943, a Liberty ship was named SS Molly Pitcher and launched. It was torpedoed that same year. A 1944 wartime poster by C. W. Miller depicted Molly Pitcher with a ramrod at the battle of Monmouth, with the text Americas women have always fought for freedom. Sources John Todd White. The Truth About Molly Pitcher. in The American Revolution: Whose Revolution? edited by James Kirby Martin and Karen R. Stubaus. 1977.John B. Landis. A Short History of Molly Pitcher, the Heroine of Monmouth. 1905. Published by the Patriotic Sons of America.John B. Landis. Investigation into American Tradition of Woman Known as Molly Pitcher. Journal of American History 5 (1911): 83-94.D. W. Thompson and Merri Lou Schaumann. Goodbye Molly Pitcher. Cumberland County History 6 (1989).Carol Klaver. An Introduction into the Legend of Molly Pitcher. Minerva: Quarterly Report on Women and the Military 12 (1994) 52.

Essay about The Ever Evolving Age of Social Networking

Changing and ever evolving, technology has impacted everybody’s lives in an irrevocable manner . Beginning in 2003 with MySpace, social networking is one aspect that has completely revolutionized people’s everyday lives. The empire created by MySpace was then further expanded by a new generation of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter. This era was marked with innovative new features including video chat and increased commercialization of businesses, leading to increased popularity and growth which is intangible. The change in social networking over the past several years has modernized the daily lives of the common people through the development of groundbreaking features connecting people better than ever across the globe. The†¦show more content†¦Its user base fell from its peak of 100 million to a mere thirty million, a tremendous plummet even from the prospect of an international company (A History of MySpace). 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Brave New World Utopia - 1430 Words

Matthew Cayce Instructor Susanna Holmes Honors Composition II 26 April 2006 Brave New World: Utopia? When one envisions a utopian society, religion, the prevailing presence of social class segregation, and abusive drug use are not typically part of such a surreal picture. These attributes of society, which are generally the leading causes of discontent among its members, are more so the flaws an idealist would stray from in concocting such hypothesis for a more perfect world; not so for Aldous Huxley. In his novel, Brave New World, these ideals are the fine points of which his utopian world are built upon. Religion is non-existent and present simultaneously in the form of preconditioning and technology, social classes are used for†¦show more content†¦Then there are the Gammas and Deltas. These two classes mostly resemble the middle class of society. 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Personal Identity Is A Choice Not Dna - 1901 Words

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The reference of this poem is critical when analyzing issues of personal identity from culture to similarity in common int erest in everyday people; the need for self-identity. Thus, Culture should not be an issue when attempting to find acceptance amongst others when advocating self-identity for personal acceptance in spirit. Pressure for change when identifying the need to move away from origin in cultural up bring is a hard battle for anyone to win when family tides hold the link in change. For instance, people undergo a lifetime of cultural awareness from birth with knowledge of struggle and scarify instilled in the mindShow MoreRelatedIdentity And Personal Identity1430 Words   |  6 PagesIdentity is what makes a person who they are. It is a complex relationship between a person’s personality and their appearance. Personality can be broken down by how that person acts or feels. This aspect of identity can be impacted by mental health and disabilities. 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Perinatal Deaths in Bacchus Marsh Hospital-Samples for Students

Question: Write a report on Perinatal Deaths in Bacchus Marsh Hospital. Answer: Introduction: The case of perinatal baby deaths Bacchus Marsh hospital has been highlighted recently for its absurd number of still born baby deaths over the span of ten years. Proper assessment of the reports provided by Djerriwarrh Health Service, has showed that the death cases could have been avoided with medical assessment. The report aims to address the lack of clinical governance and safety standards regarding this case (Renfrew et al., 2014). . Clinical Governance: It is defined as the structural and systematic standard practices applied to create a custom, which will govern clinical activities. Clinical accountability and responsibility, is a sub-set of clinical governance, involving the supervision and omission of clinical activities, including regulation, auditing, assurance and compliance by boards of directors, governments and professional bodies et cetra. There are five domains which constitute effective clinical governance: Culture and leadership Consumer relationship Workforce Management of Risk Clinical practice A number of articles suggested that out of 96 cases that were referred to AHPRA about the scandal, together with those relating to 13 doctors, 23 midwives and nurses and four other medical staff suggested that two of the five domains were breached. The respondent practitioners and other staffs failed to manage risk suggesting inefficient workforce and erroneous clinical practice. Workforce: Organizations need to ensure that employees should have basic knowledge and appropriate skills to fulfill their duties and perform their respective responsibility within an organization. Processes should be prepared to bear recruitment, training accountability and maintenance of standard clinical trials. The strategies undertaken to ensure maintenance of workforce include: Appropriate qualifications should be a part of health workforce. Planning and scheduling of quality development should be implemented. Staff communication is important to maintain clinical standards. According to a report provided by the perinatal baby deaths in the Bacchus Marsh hospital was a result of misinterpretation of a cardiotocography observation, which is an instrument for observing fetal heartbeat and uterine contraction in a pregnant woman. Investigation lead by the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Authority revealed that five practitioners were failed to provide proper medical assessment and immediate action was taken against them. Clinical Practice: The clinical practice principles contain statements that include standard regulations, strategies, or instructions that assists health practitioners and nurses make decisions about appropriate health service for specific clinical circumstances (Brennan, 2013). The report provided Department of Health and Human Services reflects that practitioners and other medical staff of Bacchus Marsh campus failed to meet standards of National Safety and Quality Health Care. The hospital staff failed to record the incident and provide the report which would draw attention from higher authority. Failure to assess clinical symptoms shows inefficiency of the staff as well as practitioner (Devers et al., 2013).. The time span of increase in number of perinatal death reflects the indifference of the hospital staff. Safety and Quality Guidelines: Management of Health service organizations implement governance systems to consign, check and develop the performance of the organization and correspond to the importance of the patient understanding and quality management for all members of the workforce. Health practitioners and staff members of the workforce contribute to the governance systems(Bismark, 2013). According to a report provided by Dr. Euan Wallace was recruited by the Australian Department of Health and Human Services to examine the situation, and found that several of the perinatal deaths could have been avoided if safety and quality guidelines were followed. His report had several clauses that would breach the safety and quality guidelines. The patients in labor were not treated with precaution and misinterpretation of analytical equipments show that the patient handling staff did not follow the given patient handling standards of the Victorian government. Strategies to avoid Risk Management: The following strategies could have been undertaken to avoid the occurrence of the incidents in Bacchus Marsh hospitals. Credentialing: Itis the process undertaken which establishes the qualifications of licensed medical practioners and staffs and assesses their background and legitimacy (Freud, et al., 2015). The authority of the Bacchus Marsh hospital failed to recruit quality staff, which is evident from Dr. Wallaces report and several other investigative porcediures. Reporting and acting upon near misses and incidents: Health firms have preconceived plan of action when it comes to near miss reporting. Many such incidents occur that might surpass a narrow escape from fatality. Reports of the baby deaths, provided by the Bacchus Marsh hospital coroner show that all the baby deaths were avoidable and not all the cases were completely fatal (Renfrew et al., 2014). The respondent practitioners and nursing staffs failed to react in time. Accreditation and benchmarking: The accreditation of a hospital is measured by the number of successful patient cases. In the case of Bacchus Marsh hospital, the Melton Regional Hospital falls under the same governance of the Djerriwarrh Health Services, but the latter showed improved patient care and quality assurance than Bacchus Marsh Hopsital (Gallagher Mazor 2015). Auditing: It is the procedure that an organization undertakes which conducts inspecting the issues, to implement improvement in any aspect of the organization (Goldacre Heneghan, 2014).. Several investigations and reports provided by the Australian Department of Health and Human Services, show that the hospital authority failed to document any record of the perinatal deaths and tried to contemplate a plan of action. The number of perinatal deaths would not have increased so much if the staff and practitioners reported to the health service providers. Monitoring and responding to complaints: The health departments have enforced several misconducts on the Bacchus Marsh hospital authority. One of those allegations were done because, inspite of the attempts to draw attention of the authority regarding the perinatal deaths, the authorities failed to achknowledge the issue. It was revealed that dozens of families have pursued legal action against Djerriwarrh Health Service, suggesting a multimillion-dollar settlement with the government's insurer is in the works. Conclusion: The perinatal death incidents in Bacchus Marsh hospital is a tragic example of lack of clinical governance and safety and quality standards. The investigative reports showed a number breach of hospital management modules including clinical malpractice, safety and quality issues, inefficiency of leadership and management authority and distressed organizational structure (Hoang, Le Terry (2014). References: Bismark, M. M., Spittal, M. J., Gurrin, L. C., Ward, M., Studdert, D. M. (2013). Identification of doctors at risk of recurrent complaints: a national study of healthcare complaints in Australia.BMJ quality safety, https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001691 bmjqs-2012. Brennan, N., Flynn, M. (2013). Differentiating clinical governance, clinical management and clinical practice.Clinical Governance: An International Journal. https://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777271311317909, 18(2), 114-131. Devers, P. L., Cronister, A., Ormond, K. E., Facio, F., Brasington, C. K., Flodman, P. (2013). Noninvasive prenatal testing/noninvasive prenatal diagnosis: the position of the National Society of Genetic Counselors.Journal of genetic counseling, DOI 10.1007/s10897-012-9564-022(3), 291-295. Freud, L. R., Escobar-Diaz, M. C., Kalish, B. T., Komarlu, R., Puchalski, M. D., Jaeggi, E. T., Michelfelder, E. C. (2015). Outcomes and Predictors of Perinatal Mortality in Fetuses With Ebstein Anomaly or Tricuspid Valve Dysplasia in the Current EraCLINICAL PERSPECTIVE: A Multicenter Study.Circulation,doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.015839 132(6), 481-489. Gallagher, T., Mazor, K. (2015). Taking complaints seriously: using the patient safety lens.BMJ Quality Safety,352-355. https://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2015-004337 24(6), 352-355. Goldacre, B., Heneghan, C. (2014). Improving, and auditing, access to clinical trial results.BMJ (Clinical research ed),10.4236/jssm.2015.86086 348, g213. Hoang, H., Le, Q., Terry, D. (2014). Women's access needs in maternity care in rural Tasmania, Australia: A mixed methods study.Women and Birth,https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wombi.2013.02.001 27(1), 9-14., Renfrew, M. J., McFadden, A., Bastos, M. H., Campbell, J., Channon, A. A., Cheung, N. F., Wick, L. (2014). Midwifery and quality care: findings from a new evidence-informed framework for maternal and newborn care.The Lancet,https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(14)60789-3 384(9948), 1129-1145.

Formulation Model on Performance Measurement †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Formulation Model on Performance Measurement. Answer: Introduction: Individualistic culture refers to the diverse population and the personal achievement (Trappey, Trappey and Mulaomerovic 2016). However, in an individualistic culture the individuals are considered as good and independent. Hence, in an organization it is important to give value to the culture of each individual to bring the cultural diversity in the workplace (Gorodnichenko and Roland 2016). On the other hand, masculinity refers to the male and the masculine traits. On the other hand, femininity refers to the womanliness and the feminine traits. These three components have a great impact on the organizational design and the management structure. Providing respect to the cultural value of the individuals within the workplace is a vital element of the organizational design. However, it is important for the organization to understand the belief and the perspectives of the each individual from different cultures. This will enable them to maximize the collaborative work in an organization. However, cultural discrimination with the individuals within the workplace may affect the image of an organization (Oyserman 2016). In order to bring the cultural diversity an organizational design needs to provide equal opportunity to the each individual in a workplace those belong from the different cultures. Therefore, effective communication is a part of organizational structure and the management structure. In order to establish a good communication with the employees it is necessary for the organization to give value to individualistic culture as it makes the management effective and improve the structure of the organization. Masculinity and femininity have a major impact on the organizational design. However, it is crucial for the organization to reduce the gender discrimination and give the similar opportunity both male and female employees within the organization based on their capabilities. Gender discrimination within the workplace affects the management structure and the organizational design (Mikucka 2014). Therefore, it is important for the business organization to provide better opportunity to the female workers as women need more support from the society to improve them personally and professionally. Providing support and better scope during their work an organization may able to build a good image. A good organizational design includes fair framework and transparency which provides equal right to the employees from different religions. On the other hand, there should not be any gender discrimination within an organizational design and management structure as it will leave negative impact on the brand imag e of an organization. The management needs to adopt more strategy that will enable them to provide respect to the individualistic culture and the opportunity to both male and female workers. In order to develop a good organizational structure and strong management it is crucial for all business organization to reserve the employee right those belong from different cultures. Therefore, providing equal opportunity to the employees can be done through incorporating reduction of gender discrimination and providing value to the individualistic culture within the organizational design. Comparison between the strategy formulation and strategy implementation Strategy formulation is a method through which an organization is able to select appropriate techniques to meet their defined objectives (WANG et al. 2016). On the other hand, implementation of the strategy is the process that includes various stages to achieve the desired goal of an organization. Strategy formulation and strategy implementation both are the vital elements of the business framework while strategy formulation is more important rather than the strategy implementation. However, strategy formulation consists of a framework that leads an organization to get the anticipated outcomes. Formulation of the strategy is based on the changing environment and a strategic plan is developed to communicate with the certain changes in an organization (Wheelez and Hunger 2017). Formulation of the strategy allows the organization to evaluate their resources and the budgets. However, if an organization implements strategy before proper formulation of such strategy then it may affect the budget and profitability of the organization. In order to maximize the organizational ROI or return on investment strategy formulation is important before strategy implementation. Strategy formulation needs proper time and it communicates with the vision and mission of an organization. Therefore, the employees are able to understand the purpose of the strategic planning before implementing it. Strategy formulation includes the strategic mission, strategic objectives, competitive strategy and evaluation of the progress. These elements are essential for strategy implementation in an organization. Strategic formulation is important than the strategic implementation as it focuses on the competitiveness of an organization. In order achieve the competitive advantages formulation of the sound strategy is necessary before the implementation of it. Apart from this from the strategic formulation the organization gets an idea about their resource allocation to incorporate the developed strateg ic plan in the existing system. Strategy implementation depends on the strategy formulation as formulation of the strategy gives a rigid framework of the strategic planning according to which the strategy can be implemented (Chang 2016). However, if a business organization implement their strategy without formulating it previously then it will harm their success of the business. On the other hand, if the business organization formulate the strategy properly then it will be easier for them to incorporate such strategic planning in their business. Moreover, strategic formulation provides an overview of the developed strategic plan that leads the organization to give shape the strategic planning by taking proper techniques. Strategy implementation is totally based on the strategy formulation. Hence, without strategy formulation strategy implementation cannot be done (Ahearne, Lam and Kraus 2014). In order to implement a strategic planning a preliminary idea is required for the employees of the organization. Hence, without a guideline it is difficult for the employees to incorporate the strategies within the system of the organization. However, a formulation of the strategy enables the organization to forecast the profit or loss regarding such strategy before implementing it. Thus, if the strategy is not formulated properly then the organization will not be able to get success from the implemented strategy. Reflective assessment According to the above analysis it has been found that individualistic culture, masculinity and femininity have a great impact on the organizational design and management structure. On the other hand, it is important for the business organization to formulate their strategic plan before implementing it to control the budget (Chang 2016). According to me cultural diversification can be achieved within an organizational design by providing value to the culture of the each individual within the organization. This will maximize the collaboration of the employees and the management. On the other hand, reduction of the gender discrimination within the organization is required for a good organizational design. However, providing similar opportunity to the male and female workers within the organization can improve the image of the company. Regarding me the organization should formulate a proper business strategy before implanting the business as without the formulation of the strategy it is too hard to the organization to give shape to the strategic planning. Therefore, it can be said that success of a strategic implementation is based on the proper strategic formulation in an organization as the overall success of a business is based on the strategic formulation. Moreover, it can be found by me that to develop a good organizational structure the management needs to communicate with their employees belong from the different culture as it will build a trust between the employees and the management, which reduces the cultural inequality. References Ahearne, M., Lam, S.K. and Kraus, F., 2014. Performance impact of middle managers' adaptive strategy implementation: The role of social capital.Strategic Management Journal,35(1), pp.68-87. Chang, J.F., 2016.Business process management systems: strategy and implementation. CRC Press. Gorodnichenko, Y. and Roland, G., 2016. Culture, institutions and the wealth of nations.Review of Economics and Statistics, (0). Mikucka, M., 2014. Does individualistic culture lower the well-being of the unemployed? Evidence from Europe.Journal of Happiness Studies,15(3), pp.673-691. Oyserman, D., 2016. What does a priming perspective reveal about culture: culture-as-situated cognition.Current Opinion in Psychology,12, pp.94-99. Trappey, C.V., Trappey, A.J. and Mulaomerovic, E., 2016. Improving the global competitiveness of retailers using a cultural analysis of in-store digital innovations.International Journal of Technology Management,70(1), pp.25-43. WANG, J., Wang, T., Yin, Y., Wang, Q. and MATSUKAWA, H., 2016. A Strategic Formulation Model Based on Performance Measurement Scales of SCM.Innovation and Supply Chain Management,10(3), pp.81-92. Wheelen, T.L. and Hunger, J.D., 2017.Strategic management and business policy. pearson.